Effects of liquid yeast cell wall on growth performance, intestinal development, immunity, and cecal Salmonella population of broilers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid yeast cell wall (YCW) supplementation in water on growth performance, intestinal development, immunity, and cecal microbiota in broilers. A total of 360 Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly allocated to three treatments with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. Experimental water treatments consisted of 1) a control (CON) group supplied with municipal water; 2) a liquid yeast cell wall (YCW1) supplemented group during d 0-14 and d 39-42 at 2.5 mL/L; 3) a liquid yeast cell wall (YCW2) supplemented group during d 0-14 and d 39-42 at 5 mL/L. All data were subjected to the one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. Means were further separated using Tukey's HSD test. A significant difference was considered at P ≤ 0.05. Liquid YCW supplementation linearly improved FCR during the d7-14 of age. A quadratic effect on BWG peaks at 2.5 mL/L inclusion rate was found during the d14-21 period. Growth performance was not affected by liquid YCW during 42 d grow-out period. Liquid YCW supplementation linearly increased duodenal villus height (P = 0.014) at d14. Meanwhile, broilers of YCW2 group had a lower villus height: crypt depth ratio (P = 0.037). Supplementation of liquid YCW linearly upregulated the proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in ceca tonsil compared to the control (P < 0.05). At d 42, YCW2 had a lower Salmonella population in ceca compared to the other treatments (P = 0.021). Additionally, supplementation of liquid YCW increased Lactobacillus population in the ceca compared to the control group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, liquid YCW supplementation positively affected early age growth performance by improving intestinal development. Late-phase supplementation of YCW reduced Salmonella population in the ceca, suggesting YCW as a potential intervention to reduce pre-harvest Salmonella load.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".