Toxicity of essential oils from Nordic plants against different pathogenic organisms and pests of cultivated plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plant essential oils (EOs) represent a potentially effective, safe, and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides that cause negative effects for human health and the environment. While numerous studies have been conducted with EOs from tropical and temperate plants, very few studies have investigated the toxicity of EOs from Nordic plants against plant pathogenic organisms and pests. The present study evaluated in airtight glass chambers the toxicity of vapours produced by EOs obtained from sweet gale, balsam poplar, Labrador tea, jack pine, and black spruce against different pathogenic organisms and pests of cultivated plants. Vapours of Labrador tea EO strongly or completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani , Phytophthora capsici , and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , while vapours of sweet gale, black spruce, and jack pine EOs inhibited the mycelial growth to a lesser extent. Vapours of all tested EOs were shown to have bactericidal activity against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis , insecticidal activity against bird cherry‐oat aphids, acaricidal activity against spider mites, and phytotoxicity against Powell's amaranth. The study reveals the toxicity of EOs from Nordic plants against various pathogens and pests affecting crops, opening new avenues of research for the development of low‐risk alternatives to synthetic pesticides in agriculture, with minimal impact on the environment and human health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".