TIMED Doppler Interferometer measurements of neutral winds at the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and comparison to meteor radar winds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) comprise a highly variable region that forms the transition region between the middle and upper atmosphere. The variability of this region is driven by atmospheric waves transporting energy and momentum from the lower and middle atmosphere to MLT altitudes. These waves cover a wide range of temporal (minutes to days) and spatial (kilometers to planetary) scales. The upward propagation of atmospheric gravity waves and tides is one of the key processes at all latitudes that alters the state of the ionosphere–thermosphere system, and their vertical propagation depends crucially on the background mean winds. The TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) on board the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite observes neutral winds at the MLT using airglow emissions. We establish a TIDI mean wind climatology, compare our results with existing climatologies derived from local meteor radar observations, and discuss similarities and differences depending on local time and geographical latitude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".