A Pair of DNA Aptamers That Can Selectively Bind to Bilirubin and Biliverdin
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bilirubin and biliverdin are two important metabolites from the degradation of heme. Development of aptamers for them will not only help with the measurement of their concentrations for diagnosing diseases such as neonatal jaundice and liver dysfunction, but may also aid in developing molecular switches for the regulation of gene expression. In this work, we report the selection of DNA aptamers against bilirubin and biliverdin. For the biliverdin selection, the tightest affinity aptamer has a dissociation costant ( K d ) value of 6 nM determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and using a fluorescent strand-displacement assay, a limit of detection of 0.7 nM was achieved. This strand-displacement sensor also showed a response to bilirubin, although with a 10-fold lower affinity. For the bilirubin selection, many sequences obtained were also present in the biliverdin selection, and it was attributed to the oxidation of a fraction of bilirubin to biliverdin by air. This oxidation was confirmed by a visual color change of bilirubin and by UV–vis spectroscopy. The tightest binding bilirubin aptamer has a K d value of 203 nM based on ITC, and a detection limit of 47 nM was achieved using the strand-displacement assay. This pair of aptamers offer insights into molecular recognition of heme breakdown products and may be useful for developing biosensors and intracellular molecular switches.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it