Cognitive Assistance for Firefighting Multidomain Operations Using Reinforcement Learning and Generative AI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is unprecedented growth and severity in wildland fire activity across the world with greater socio-, economic, and environmental impact. In 2021, Lockheed Martin initiated an internal development program, the Cognitive Mission Manager (CMM), to demonstrate and provide a tool that uses multi-domain operations and machine learning to support wildland fire missions. Over three years, the CMM developed a cognitive assistant for firefighter operations, which includes creating a digital twin of an entire wildland fire incident by fusing real-world data from satellites, aircraft, and ground assets into a system-of-systems and environmental digital twin in NVIDIA Omniverse. Through this digital twin, CMM is able to show predictions of fire spread and use reinforcement learning to provide recommended courses of action. In 2024, the CMM team further matured the reinforcement learning and began implement generative-AI capabilities. With these advances in AI technologies, firefighting and other complex operational environments could be standing on the precipice of a monumental tipping point that improves the use of data from satellites and other sources. This paper will discuss how the developed services reconstruct actual wildland fire incidents in a three-dimensional space to create a digital twin. It will also explore how reinforcement learning and generative AI can enhance and leverage digital twins and improve user experiences within these scenes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".