Screen Time Among and Youth Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to review and synthesize screen time research among children and youth with disabilities. METHODS: Seven online databases were searched, and a machine learning-assisted systematic review model was used to identify relevant studies. English and French papers reporting on screen time among children and youth with a disability were eligible. Extracted data were synthesized by participant age, followed by type of screen time reporting. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate daily screen time and adherence to screen time guidelines using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-one studies were included. Screen time ranged from 0.5 to 7.27 h/day and varied widely based on disability type. Pooled average screen time was 3.70, 3.28 and 3.39 h/day for children and youth with ASD, ADHD and CP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Screen use is prominent among children and youth with disabilities. Limiting screen time in this group is critical in preventing numerous related consequences of excessive, prolonged use. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Interventions targeting children and youth with disabilities are needed to decrease excessive screen time among this population and to inform future public health policy and setting-specific practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".