Photocrosslinkable Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as a promising strategy in tissue engineering, enabling the fabrication of biomimetic tissue constructs for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. A key challenge in this field is the development of organ-specific bioinks capable of recapitulating native microenvironments to support cell viability, proliferation, and tissue-specific maturation. In this study, a novel photocrosslinkable bioink derived from methacrylated decellularized porcine kidney extracellular matrix (KdMA) is reported. The decellularization process effectively removed cellular components while preserving key extracellular matrix constituents. The resulting KdMA bioink exhibited favorable rheological properties, including tunable stiffness and rapid photocuring kinetics, making it compatible with both digital light processing-based stereolithography and extrusion-based bioprinting platforms. Encapsulated human embryonic kidney cells maintained high viability and formed multicellular spheroids, demonstrating the bioink's cytocompatibility and structural support. Additionally, the KdMA bioink enabled stable multilayer bioprinting with preserved structural integrity and tunable mechanical properties. These results underscore the utility of KdMA as a kidney-specific bioink and its promise as a versatile platform for advancing renal tissue engineering and organoid maturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".