<i>In Situ</i> Ultrasound-Triggered Bioluminescence for Combined Sono/Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) integrates the advantages of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), showing great potential for the minimally invasive treatment of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sensitizers in PDT is often limited by insufficient light penetration, restricting the synergistic therapeutic effects of SPDT. Herein, we present a controllable strategy using in situ ultrasound-triggered bioluminescence for enhanced SPDT. This method utilizes a mechanosensitive bioluminescent protein composed of the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) and the aequorin (AEQ) photoprotein. Upon ultrasound stimulation, MscL responds to mechanical force by inducing Ca 2+ influx, which subsequently activates AEQ to oxidize a luminogenic substrate and generate bioluminescence. By leveraging ultrasound and its associated bioluminescence, the natural sono-photosensitizer, Chlorin e6 (Ce6), exhibits efficient sono-/photocytotoxicity, induces immunogenic cell death, and synergistically enhances the antitumor immune response. This ultrasound-triggered SPDT not only suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis but also induces a long-term immune memory to resist tumor rechallenge. The integration of SPDT with immune activation forms a multimodal “sono–photo–immuno” platform for in situ breast tumor treatment and simultaneously prevents tumor recurrence after tumor resection. These findings showcase our platform as a versatile tool for the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".