Rearing in a Shelved Environment Chronically Modifies Offspring Behaviour and Physiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of environmental enrichment in rodents has primarily focused on adolescents and adults, with less information available for nursing dams and their pups. While we have previously observed some differences in behaviour and physiology of pups reared in shelved versus single-level cages, further examination of this relationship is necessary. To understand the impact of rearing in shelved cages, we assessed various parameters in pups including body weight, ultrasonic vocalizations, hair corticosterone concentration, behaviour in the open field and elevated plus maze and spatial working memory in the spontaneous alternation task. In addition, dams were assessed in the open field and elevated plus maze to identify any changes in stress-related behaviour. As adults, rats reared in enriched cages had significantly lower body weights, higher hair corticosterone concentrations and spent less time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze compared to those in standard cages. Additionally, rats reared in enriched cages emitted a lower number of frequency-modulated calls. In agreement with the behaviour observed in their pups, dams housed in enriched cages spent significantly less time in the centre of the open field. The results indicate that there are long-term changes in behaviour and physiology based upon different rearing conditions, reinforcing the importance of considering rearing environment when planning studies of a developmental nature. Furthermore, determining optimal rearing conditions will not only improve laboratory animal welfare but also improve reproducibility in animal research through the standardization of rearing conditions across institutions and laboratories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".