Green Innovation and Firm Performance: A Systematic Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rise of industrialization has brought significant side effects, notably climate change and global warming. In response, green innovation has emerged as a crucial strategy for industrial firms to mitigate these negative environmental impacts. However, many firms, particularly in developing countries, perceive green innovation as offering limited benefits to their performance, leading to its underutilization. This study systematically reviews the literature on green innovation and firm performance, aiming to clarify the definitions, dimensions, and relationship between these two variables. Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 in reputable databases such as Emerald and ScienceDirect. The findings reveal the following: (1) Definition: green innovation is defined as environmentally oriented process and product, while the definition of firm performance varies considerably; (2) Dimensions: green innovation is commonly categorized into Green Process Innovation and Green Product Innovation, while profitability is the most frequently used indicator of firm performance; (3) Relationship: the majority of studies find a positive relationship between green innovation and firm performance, although some report that green process innovation may negatively affect firm performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".