Decarbonization of residential houses in northern Climates: Traditional vs fully electrified approaches in Ontario Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning fossil fuels are the primary source of climate destabilization. The energy sector is responsible for more than three quarters of GHG emissions and among this the largest share comes from the residential sector. Decarbonization of residential sector thus plays an important role in achieving energy and climate goals. Replacing the natural gas used in residential houses with clean energy will reduce emissions. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and heat pumps (HP) have already been proven technically viable solutions on their own. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that PV and HP integration for residential heating can immediately reduce GHG emissions substantially. There are no such case studies, however, available for Canada. This paper thus investigates case studies of three residential houses in London, Ontario, Canada. The first one being a conventional house with natural gas supply and grid electricity, with HP+grid electricity, and lastly PV+HP system. This fully electrical house is modelled to provide hourly total loads based on house consumption and compared with the actual traditional house. The result shows that GHG emission from a fully electrified house when the total consumption is supplied by grid electricity and rooftop PV electricity has a reduction of approximately 80% and 89%, respectively compared to a conventional house. This study also calculates the emission factor for rooftop PV electricity in London, Ontario, Canada is equal to 20.6 g CO 2 e/kWh and has 46% and 98.9% reduction compared to grid electricity and natural gas, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".