Anaplasma marginale modulates the microbiota of Rhipicephalus microplus organs involved in pathogen transmission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a vector for Anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The study of pathogen-microbiome-vector interactions at the tick organ scale is a promising area of development, unraveling control strategies for tick-borne diseases. Our study focused on how A. marginale infection affects the bacterial community within the salivary glands and ovaries of R. microplus. Engorged female ticks collected from cattle in a disease-endemic area of Argentina were further classified based on whether they were infected with A. marginale by targeting the msp1β gene through PCR diagnosis in tissue samples. We included negative control samples throughout the study. We analyzed the bacterial communities in tick tissues by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region. Our results revealed significant differences in community composition between infected and uninfected samples. Sphingomonadaceae was identified as a predominant taxon in uninfected salivary glands and ovaries. Additionally, we constructed co-occurrence networks to study interactions within the microbial communities. It is noteworthy that A. marginale infection led to an increase in network complexity in the salivary glands, exerting the opposite effect on the ovaries. These findings reinforced the hypothesis that A. marginale impacts the microbiota of R. microplus at an organ-specific level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".