Preoperative Cerebral and Renal Saturations in Neonates with Congenital Heart Defects: A Prospective Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Cerebral (cStO<sub>2</sub>) and renal (rStO<sub>2</sub>) saturations measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the corresponding fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) during the first week of life in neonates with CHD are described comparing those with and without diastolic steal. Methods: Single-center prospective cohort study (Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada) was conducted, including neonates >34 weeks with CHD without chromosomal anomalies. CStO<sub>2</sub>/rStO<sub>2</sub> was monitored from enrollment until day 7 of life. FTOE was calculated using systemic saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) as [SpO<sub>2</sub> − (cStO<sub>2</sub> or rStO<sub>2</sub>)]/SpO<sub>2</sub>. Daily echocardiography was performed during the monitoring period. Random mixed-effects models were constructed to assess the association between NIRS/FTOE and the presence of retrograde postductal aortic flow on last available echocardiography. Results: Among 49 included neonates, 27 (55%) exhibited retrograde flow in the postductal aorta on the last day of monitoring. Prostaglandin exposure was 100% in the retrograde group vs. 27% in the non-retrograde group. CStO<sub>2</sub>/rStO<sub>2</sub> progressively declined in neonates with CHD over the first week of life. Retrograde aortic flow was associated with negative cStO<sub>2</sub> (β = −9.1%, 95% CI [−14.3; −3.8]) and rStO<sub>2</sub> (β = −8.4%, 95% CI [−14.5; −2.3]). Cerebral FTOE was lower in the non-retrograde group, while renal FTOE was similar between groups. Conclusion: During the first week of life, neonates with CHD who displayed retrograde aortic flow exhibited lower cStO<sub>2</sub> and rStO<sub>2</sub> as well as higher cerebral FTOE. Future studies should evaluate whether these markers in neonates with CHD are modifiable factors that could influence cerebral or renal injury when addressed. </p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".