Media as Confounder in Social Justice and Social Stratification: A Freirean Framework for Critical Media Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper builds upon social justice research within cultural and media studies to assess how social stratification may be reduced. While audience stratification from Hall’s three decodings has been observed, how media further leads to socioeconomic or health inequalities holds value to investigate. Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed is mobilized as theoretical framework to consider means through which audiences marginalized by systemic or structural oppression may be stratified via media-engagement. Freire posits that beyond symbolic violence, oppression may result in 1) direct violence that leads to mental health challenges and trauma; 2) more socially-imposed tasks, which may deprive marginalized individuals of self-determination and autonomy; 3) what may be conceptualized as greater life-task complexity, via which marginalized individuals are simultaneously burdened with more imposed tasks – such as finding essential livelihood – yet also fewer leverage-points to resolve tasks due to marginalization; 4) greater risk of negative stereotyping with limited options for new identities and representations in society; and 5) reduced decision-making power and liberty in labor-arrangements. In turn, systemic and structural oppression acts upon media toward diverse outcomes which may lead to further social disadvantage in power hierarchies. A preliminary framework of media behaviors to promote equality concludes the study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.085 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.024 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".