Handheld Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Gynecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Imaging plays a critical role in evaluating gynecologic emergencies. However, access to such technology is limited in austere environments such as spaceflight. Portable point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) offers rapid diagnostic capabilities potentially useful for supporting women's health. However, the feasibility of using portable POCUS for gynecological imaging in spaceflights characterized by shifts in weightlessness has not been previously evaluated. INSTRUMENT: Transabdominal ultrasonography was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using portable POCUS for gynecologic scans during a parabolic flight. EXPERIENCE: Despite rapidly alternating gravitational changes and the close proximity of other crew members, a participant successfully obtained clear diagnostic images of the uterus and measured three-dimensional bladder volumes during a parabolic flight aboard a Falcon 20 aircraft without privacy concerns. During the hypergravity phase (approximately 2 G) of the flight, heavier upper-extremity movement and probe positioning created challenges to successful imaging. However, minimizing head movement helped to stabilize the vestibular system during gravity changes, successfully mitigating symptoms such as vertigo, nausea, and dizziness. This strategy facilitated smoother transitions between gravitational forces and enabled the participant to obtain uterine imaging during the microgravity phase of the flight. CONCLUSION: The use of a handheld portable POCUS device is feasible during parabolic flight, establishing an important precedent useful for supporting women's health in space. Future technology needs to incorporate training models, augmented reality, and advanced artificial intelligence-based tools to direct self-scanning capabilities for participants who do not have medical experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".