Impact of hormone sensitivity status on aberrant expression of CK7, CK20, CDX2, GATA3 and TTF1 in prostate cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) rarely expresses aberrant immunohistochemical markers such as CK7, CK20, CDX2, GATA3 and TTF1. This study evaluates whether expression of CK7, CK20, CDX2, GATA3 and TTF1 is increased in hormone-resistant (HR) PC compared to hormone-sensitive (HS) disease. 64 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for PC were included: 34 with HS disease, 22 with HR disease, and 8 whose status changed from HS to HR on a subsequent TURP (HS-HR). Overall, CK20 was the most frequently expressed aberrant marker (33.3 % of HS, 60.0 % of HR), followed by CK7 (16.7 % of HS, 13.3 % of HR) and CDX2 (11.9 % of HS, 16.7 % of HR). Compared to HS cases, HR tumors significantly overexpressed CK20 (p = 0.02). Positivity for aberrant markers was usually sparse and heterogeneous within ≤20 % of tumor cells. HR PC was significantly more likely to express aberrant markers among >20 % neoplastic cells than HS tumors (2.4 % and 20.0 % respectively, p = 0.008). The expression of an aberrant marker at >20 % positivity was also associated with loss of expression of ≥1 marker of prostatic origin (PSA, PSMA, P501S or NKX3), p = 0.01. For 21 patients with ≥2 TURPs separated in time, ≥1 aberrant marker was gained over time in 1/7 HS, 2/6 HR and 3/8 HS-HR patients. These results suggest that HR PC has increased likelihood of CK20 positivity and aberrant marker positivity in >20 % of tumor cells compared to HS cases, and that the aberrant immunohistochemical expression in a given PC patient may increase over time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".