Exercise attenuates bed rest-induced increases in insulin resistance while α-klotho increases in 55 to 65 year-old women and men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of combined aerobic, high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistive exercises during Head-Down Bed Rest (HDBR) in preventing metabolic derangement. Twenty-two participants (control: F (5) BMI: 22.1 ± 2.1, M (6) BMI: 25.7 ± 2.2, exercise F (6) BMI: 24.3 ± 3.2, M (5) BMI: 27.5 ± 1.2; Average age: 59 ± 3 years; weight: 70.1 ± 14.2 kg; height: 1.67 ± 0.09 m; BMI: 24.9 ± 3.0 kg/m 2 )) confined to 6° HDBR for 14-days were randomly assigned to either EX (1 h/day head-down exercise including HIIT every other day) or CONT (passive movement). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) at baseline, day 9 HDBR (HDT 9) and 13 HDBR (HDT 13) were matched to fasted biomarker analyses and Vastus lateralis biopsies. HDBR increased area under the curve for glucose ( p < 0.01, interaction between groups; group × bed rest; p = 0.07) and insulin ( p < 0.01). Matsuda index fell in CONT alone, FGF-23 increased in EX correlating with elevations to circulating levels of C reactive protein; a negative correlation existed between FGF-23 and HOMA-IR in CONT. A novel finding was that α-klotho increased in all participants ( p < 0.0001), starting higher and rising faster in women, whilst negatively correlating with Matsuda index in CONT alone. Undercarboxylated-osteocalcin ratio fell in CONT ( p = 0.05). Neither IGF-1, nor GLUT1/4 protein content changed during HDBR. HDBR promoted insulin resistance with increases in circulating α-klotho; FGF-23 increased only in EX. Differing Matsuda index responses indicate benefits imparted by multimodal exercise despite elevations in α-klotho and FGF-23. Clinical Trial Registration Number : NCT04964999.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".