Effects of feeding hybrid rye silage as a replacement for barley silage on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, and the site and extent of nutrient digestion in growing beef heifers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding hybrid rye silage (HRS) as a replacement for barley silage (BARS) on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and the site and extent of digestion when fed to growing beef heifers. Eight ruminally cannulated Hereford × Simmental heifers (519 ± 25.8 kg BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods, including 21 d for dietary adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. Treatments included a control diet (BCON) that contained 59.62% BARS (harvested at the soft dough stage of maturity), 38.61% barley grain, and 1.78% of a vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The HRS (harvested at the boot stage of maturity) replaced 33% (RLOW), 67% (RMED), or 100% (RHIGH) of the BARS on a DM basis. Increasing HRS inclusion linearly (P = 0.04) decreased DMI, linearly increased water intake (P = 0.02) and mean ruminal pH (P < 0.01) and linearly decreased the duration that ruminal pH was < 5.8 (P = 0.04). There was no effect of HRS inclusion on total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration (P = 0.46) in ruminal fluid, but the molar proportion of acetate linearly (P < 0.01) increased while propionate and butyrate linearly decreased (P < 0.01). The NH3-N concentration linearly increased (P = 0.03) with increasing HRS inclusion. Increasing HRS inclusion increased ruminal degradability of DM, OM, and aNDFom, while there was no effect on intestinal digestibility of nutrients, either expressed as a percent of intake or percent of digesta flow. Total tract digestibility of DM (P ≤ 0.01), ADF (P ≤ 0.01), and aNDFom (P ≤ 0.01) increased with increasing HRS inclusion, but inclusion did not affect gross energy (GE) digestibility (P = 0.15) and the dietary digestible energy (DE) concentration (P = 0.17). In conclusion, the use of HRS, harvested at the boot stage, as a direct replacement for BARS, harvested at the soft dough stage, is likely to reduce DMI but improve NDF digestibility without affecting dietary DE concentration. As there was no difference in GE digestibility or dietary DE digestibility, these results demonstrate a tradeoff between greater NDF digestibility of HRS compared to BARS but reduced DMI with increasing inclusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".