The <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> E3 ligase effector RipV1 targets subfamily IXb receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases that negatively regulate immunity in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Plants detect microbe-associated molecular patterns from pathogens via plasma membrane- localized receptors which activate multiple signaling cascades that lead to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are essential hubs of plant immune signaling, associating with receptors and intracellular proteins through phosphorylation events. As a consequence, RLCKs have emerged as common targets of pathogen effectors. To improve our knowledge on Solanaceae responses to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum , we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen between tomato RLCKs and effectors conserved in R. solanacearum Korean isolates. Several members of RLCK subfamily IXb, which contain a ubiquitin-ligase plant U-box domain in addition to the kinase domain, interacted with RipV1, an effector containing a novel E3 ligase domain (NEL). In vitro assays revealed that RLCK-IXb-1 displayed ubiquitin-ligase activity but no detectable kinase activity. RipV1 could trans- ubiquitinate RLCK-IXb-1 in vitro and promote its stability in planta . Using virus-induced gene silencing of RLCK-IXb homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana , we could further show that several RLCK-IXb proteins act as negative regulators of early PTI signaling. RipV1 was previously reported to contribute to R. solanacearum virulence in potato and to elicit cell death in an E3 ligase activity-dependent manner in N. benthamiana . Here we show that RipV1-induced cell death occurred in plants impaired for effector recognition but could be suppressed by over-expression of RLCK-IXb-1, suggesting that this response is related to the virulence function of RipV1. Altogether, our work identifies possible substrates of an NEL effector and underlines the complex roles of RLCKs in plant immune signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".