Long-acting G-CSF empegfilgrastim with dose-dense chemotherapy for patients with stage II–III TNBC: Defendor Special trial, primary analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, associated with a high risk of early recurrence and limited systemic treatment options. Despite advances in neoadjuvant therapy, including platinum-based agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the widespread adoption of these approaches is limited by their toxicity, cost, and insufficient data on their combination with dose-dense regimens. Study objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of empegfilgrastim (a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF) in maintaining dose intensity during dose-dense neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with stage II–III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and methods. This prospective study enrolled 60 patients who received dose-dense chemotherapy with the ddAC regimen (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide every 14 days) followed by weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin. Empegfilgrastim was administered once after each ddAC cycle. The primary endpoint was achieving a relative dose intensity (RDI) of ≥ 85 %. Results. The target RDI was achieved in 96 % of patients (median values: 100 % for ddAC and 94 % for weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin). Efficacy. A pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 50 % of patients with localized (initially operable) disease and 43 % of those with locally advanced (initially inoperable) stages. Low residual tumor burden (RCB 0–1) was noted in 63 % of cases. Safety. The safety profile demonstrated a low incidence of severe adverse events (grade III–IV neutropenia: 1.7 %). Conclusion. Empegfilgrastim effectively maintains high dose intensity in NAT, leading to a significant pCR rate comparable to that of immunotherapy but with a more favorable safety profile.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".