Geotechnical characterization of Laflamme clays from the Lac-Saint-Jean basin, Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The unique characteristic of sensitive clays is often attributed to their depositional and post depositional environment and sedimentation mechanism. This is further affected by geological and geoenvironmental factors that are mostly site-specific and time dependant. Since most sensitive clays of Eastern Canada are in the Champlain basin, existing studies on landslide hazard assessment often extend their properties to all Eastern Canadian sensitive clays. However, this extension could lead to erroneous judgements as geotechnical characteristics of clays from different sedimentary basins and geological settings could be different. Sensitive clays of the Laflamme basin in Eastern Canada are the product of a recent marine invasion and as such exhibit properties different than other Eastern Canadian sensitive clays. In this paper, a detailed geotechnical characterization has been carried out for two Laflamme clay sites – Desbiens and Albanel - surrounding the Lac-Saint-Jean basin, providing detailed insights on the unique mechanical behaviour of clays from this region. In addition to basic physical properties, experimental investigations including field tests measuring undrained shear strength, isotropic and K 0 -consolidated triaxial compression tests, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy have been carried out. The results show that, as opposed to typical Champlain clays, the Laflamme clays are highly leached and preconsolidated due to heavy preloading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".