β-NGF and its receptors are present in ram sperm cells, but β-NGF was undetectable in seminal plasma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context In males, the nerve growth factor β (β-NGF), along with its receptors TrkA and p75, is closely related to semen traits and quality in certain species. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed either the existence of this neurotrophin and its receptors on ram sperm cells or the relationship between β-NGF and semen traits. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the expression of β-NGF and its receptors in spermatozoa and to relate the concentration of β-NGF in seminal plasma to sperm morphology and quality in rams. Methods The expression of β-NGF and its receptors in sperm cells was performed using immunofluorescence, and the concentration of β-NGF in semen was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Key results β-NGF, TrkA and p75 were detected in the spermatozoa of the ram; however, β-NGF was not detectable in the seminal plasma. Conclusions This study provides evidence, for the first time, of the presence of β-NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75, in spermatozoa of rams. However, it was undetectable in seminal plasma collected during the transition from the breeding to the non-breeding season. Detecting and quantifying β-NGF in ram seminal plasma presents several challenges, primarily due to its low concentrations and the techniques employed. Implications These findings indicate that rams, among the males, have β-NGF and its receptors present in sperm cells, making them another candidate species to expand our knowledge of this important protein in mammalian reproduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".