Stiffness of the glass shielding in ice hockey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concussions are common in ice hockey and often result from the head impacting the glass shielding. Risk for concussion during head-to-shielding impacts depends on the stiffness of the shielding. The cantilever design of the shielding likely causes the stiffness of the shielding and the magnitude of head impacts to vary depending on the proximity of the impact to the cap rail and the post connecting adjacent shielding panels. Understanding how shielding stiffness varies with proximity to the cap rail and post is important to designing safer hockey rinks. In this project, a portable test device was used to measure shielding stiffness. The results showed that shielding stiffness was associated significantly with height from the cap rail ( p = 0.0006) and location on the ice ( p = 0.0473), but not with horizontal distance from the post ( p = 0.82). Stiffness at a height of 20 cm above the cap rail was 2.8-fold greater than at 63 cm and 1.8-fold greater than at 44 cm. Stiffness in the corner was 1.8-fold greater than at the side boards. These findings indicate that there is considerable regional variation in shielding stiffness and support the need for standardised methods for assessing and regulating shielding stiffness in ice hockey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".