Bibliographic record
Abstract
The skeleton is a storehouse of mineral that can be borrowed from in times of need, such as for reproduction. Skeletal resorption is normally modest during pregnancy but can be excessive when dietary calcium intake or absorption are insufficient for maternal and fetal needs. In contrast, substantial skeletal resorption is hormonally programmed to occur during lactation, with a loss of 5% to 10% of bone density from the spine over the first 6 months, independent of dietary calcium intake. The maternal skeleton is the main source of calcium in milk. Normally bone resorption during reproduction is without clinical consequences because the skeleton is restored to its prior mineral content and strength after weaning, such that parity and lactation are not risk factors for osteoporosis. However, bone strength is transiently reduced particularly during lactation, and can rarely lead to fragility fractures, especially if the skeleton was not normal before pregnancy. Women can present with fragility fractures during pregnancy but more often during lactation, sometimes with a frightening cascade of 5 to 10 vertebral compression fractures. This mini-review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment considerations for this condition. Pharmacotherapy is often given in a desperate effort to do something, using agents that are not indicated in premenopausal women. The skeleton appears to recover, even in women who have fractured, such that it remains uncertain as to whether pharmacotherapy is necessary. Randomized trials are needed to determine when and in whom pharmacotherapy is needed, and which agent(s) might be preferable.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".