Understanding the Link Between Physical Activity and Work Ability in University Staff: Protocol for a Gender-Sensitive Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity represents a significant public health issue with substantial socioeconomic costs. In the autonomous Community of Madrid, 39.17% of the population does not meet the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity (PA). Gender, sex, and occupational factors are well-established determinants of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA); yet, few studies have examined these factors among university staff. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the relationship between LTPA and work ability among university staff in the autonomous Community of Madrid, considering the potential modifying effect of occupational PA. Secondary objectives include examining associations between LTPA, musculoskeletal disorders, health-related quality of life, physical and mental workload, and working conditions, with a focus on sex and gender differences. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed involving 885 university staff members from the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Participants will complete an online survey, including sociodemographic questions and validated instruments: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Work Ability Index, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Short Form-12 Health Survey, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be performed to assess the associations between LTPA, occupational PA, and work ability, adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Alcalá in November 2024. Recruitment began in December 2024 and will continue until June 2027. Data analysis will be conducted progressively. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences following gender-sensitive and transparent reporting standards. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the determinants of PA and their interaction with work ability and gender may inform the development of targeted, culturally sensitive interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and its associated health and economic burdens in university staff. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06723808; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06723808. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/80298.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".