Impact of Limb Diameter on Passive Two-Phase Flow in Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes: A Numerical Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper represents numerical analysis of liquid vapor slug flow carried out in a single turn closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) with different limb diameter.3D numerical model is developed with design modeler tool and meshing is carried out with the meshing tool available in Ansys Workbench.The numerical model is divided into three sections, evaporator condenser and adiabatic section.The inner diameter (ID) of CLPHP is taken as 2mm.The working fluid is used as water with the filling ratio of 60%.Suitable k- model with enhanced wall treatment, thermal effect and curvature correction is considered.The evaporator section is subjected to optimum temperature of 343 K, whereas the condenser is at 298 K. Thermal boundary conditions are applied at evaporator section to predict the behavior of liquid vapor slug flow.About 60,00,000 iterations are performed with smaller time step size of 0.0005 to prevent the divergence in velocity field and to avoid the problem of Courant Number (CFL).The liquid vapor slug flow carries sensible and latent heat towards the condenser section.The contours of liquid volume fraction and wall temperatures are observed.The possibility of dry out conditions are checked with numerical analysis; the complex phenomenon of evaporation and condensation is observed to predict the thermal performance of system suitable for electronics cooling applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".