Resveratrol-Loaded PLGA Enhanced Vitrified Oocyte Viability through Rab11fip4/Arf5-Mediated Internalization Route
Bibliographic record
Abstract
-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-RES) were synthesized, and the successful synthesis was confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization. Thereafter, the effect of PLGA-RES on the quality of vitrified oocytes was explored. Our results showed that the synthesized PLGA-RES nanoparticles, with an average size of 163.5 nm, demonstrated time- and dose-dependent internalization in mouse oocytes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed their distribution around the membrane and perinuclear region. Treatment with PLGA-RES significantly increased the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rate and reduced the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes. Transcriptome analysis identified 447 upregulated and 185 downregulated mRNAs, with the endocytosis pathway playing a crucial role in PLGA-RES regulation. Short time-series expression miner analysis (STEM) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) further identified Rab11fip4 as a core gene in the PLGA-RES internalization, which was also confirmed by a molecular docking study. Rab11fip4 was further found to interact with Arf5 via coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis. Knockdown of Rab11fip4 significantly impaired oocyte maturation and nanoparticles internalization. Further experiments showed that the internalization of PLGA-RES was decreased by endocytic inhibitors, and the Rab11fip4-mediated recycling endosome pathway could protect PLGA-RES from lysosomal degradation. In summary, PLGA-RES could improve vitrified oocyte viability through the endocytic pathway, highlighting the importance of Rab11fip4 in nanoparticle internalization and functional modulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".