Association of grey matter cerebral blood flow with white matter integrity in relation to youth bipolar disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) are altered in bipolar disorder (BD). We sought to investigate the unexplored CBF–FA association in relation to youth BD. Methods: We recruited youth with BD, high-risk youth with a family history of BD, and healthy controls. Using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging, we measured global and regional grey matter CBF using arterial spin labelling and we measured regional FA using diffusion tensor imaging. We explored the CBF–FA association across groups, between groups, and by sex. Analyses of the BD group further examined mood effects. We conducted region-of-interest analyses of global CBF and FA, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) CBF, and cingulate FA. Results: We included 59 youth with BD, 19 high-risk youth with a family history of BD, and 47 healthy controls. There were no significant CBF–FA associations in the overall sample. Within the BD group, higher ACC CBF was associated with higher cingulum FA (β-weight 0.30, p = 0.03), with larger effect sizes among females and asymptomatic participants. Among controls, higher global CBF was associated with lower global FA (β-weight −0.40, p = 0.05). Within-sex analyses in the overall sample revealed a small effect size association between ACC CBF and cingulum FA among females only. Limitations: Our small sample size limited power, and our cross-sectional observational design precluded directional inferences about CBF–FA associations. Conclusion: We found preliminary evidence that ACC CBF was positively associated with cingulum FA among youth with BD, which may be driven by asymptomatic female participants. These associations may relate to differences in cerebral metabolism or white matter perfusion. Prospective and experimental studies are warranted to better understand CBF–FA associations in BD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".