Land use change and related carbon emissions from metal mines in Canada: An industry-level review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During mining, native vegetation, dead organic matter, and soil are stripped from the landscape to accommodate mine infrastructure. Carbon emissions increase in response to rapid land-use change (LUC) because the carbon storage (i.e., in living and dead biomass) capacity of the site is reduced or lost for the life of mine. New and expanding mines need to account for these carbon impacts during net zero planning for their operations. This analysis reviewed LUCs for 85 metal mine sites in Canada in 2001 ± 1 and 2019 ± 1. LUC was estimated using satellite imagery and publicly available operations information. Greenhouse gas emissions were determined based on a Government of Canada accounting method. A total of 27,000 hectares of land were disturbed. The associated 12.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted during the study period represented approximately 15% of Scope 1 emissions from hydrocarbon-based fuel consumption at these operations. The impact on the carbon sink estimated for select sites was up to 20% of the carbon emissions from LUCs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it