Effect of a Family-Centered Empowerment Model–Based Intervention on the Caregiving Capacity and Preparedness of Caregivers of Children With Malignant Neoplasms: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms are among the most common causes of disease-related death in children. Long-term chemotherapy often requires a high degree of parental involvement. Family caregivers' preparedness and capacity are critical in reducing the burden of care and improving quality of life. This study looks to examine the impact of a family-centered empowerment model (FCEM)-based intervention on the caregiving capacity and preparedness of family caregivers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and evaluate an FCEM-based intervention to improve caregiving preparedness and capacity among family caregivers of children with malignant neoplasms. It also examines the potential effects of the intervention on self-efficacy and psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and stress. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study focuses on caregivers of children with malignant neoplasms attending our hospital for the first time, implementing a 4-phase FCEM-based intervention program evaluated through questionnaires administered 3 days after admission and 3 days before discharge. Differences in caregiving preparedness, caregiving capacity, self-efficacy, and depression, anxiety, and stress scores will be assessed using independent and paired t tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and paired rank-sum tests for both within-group and between-group comparisons preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS: Recruitment will be conducted in 2 waves (control group: July to December 2025; intervention group: July to December 2026). It is expected that the intervention group will show significantly greater improvements in caregiving preparedness, caregiving capacity, and psychological well-being compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence for the development of structured family empowerment in pediatric oncology. In the future, expanding to multiple centers and conducting targeted surveys among caregivers of children with different cancer types would help validate and promote the effectiveness of family empowerment interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06810388; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06810388. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/73304.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".