Biomechanical and Kinematic Gait Analysis in Lower Limb Amputees: Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The quantification of gait parameters in amputees facilitates the assessment of their performance with prosthetic devices. These parameters often depend on measurements based on anatomical aspects that vary across different types of lower limb amputations. Objective: This study aimed to investigate body weight distribution, and gait symmetry, quality, and propulsion, as well as pelvic kinematics in the amputee population. Methods: The EcoWalk baropodometry platform was used to measure plantar pressure, and the G-Walk inertial sensor was used for accelerometry measurements in 29 unilateral lower limb amputees. Results: Values were estimated for each variable under analysis, and the findings were categorized by the level of amputation. All variables exhibited normal distribution within each group under analysis , except for the symmetry index in above-knee (AK) amputees (P=.03). Regarding the body weight distribution (P=.11), velocity (P≥.99), propulsion (P=.38), and quality index (P=.10) of the amputated limb; no significant differences were observed between the AK and below-knee (BK) amputees. The most significant deviation was noted in pelvic obliquity, which was greater in AK amputees compared to BK amputees. Conclusions: The values reported for the variables under analysis may enable the establishment of more precise reference levels for the amputee population, thereby contributing to a more accurate diagnostic process and aiding prosthetic fitting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".