Adjustment in leaf water relations and the maintenance of mangrove seedling growth under increasing salinity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mangroves are ecosystems of high ecological and economic importance, particularly due to their capacity to store high amounts of carbon and stabilize soil. However, climate change and rising sea levels are intensifying salinity levels, challenging the survival of plant mangrove species, especially seedlings. Here, we evaluated the effects of different salinity concentrations on the growth and leaf water relations of Avicennia germinans (L.) L. and Rhizophora racemosa G.Mey. seedlings. Specifically, we tested whether A. germinans, due to its broader distribution, higher salinity tolerance and salt-excreting ability, would exhibit more pronounced adjustments and greater resilience to saline stress compared with R. racemosa. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, exposing 212 11-month-old seedlings (106 of each species) previously grown in freshwater to five salinity treatments over 3 months. These seedlings were analyzed for growth, embolism resistance, leaf water potential, osmotic parameters and gas exchange. Our results showed that A. germinans exhibited greater osmotic adjustment and stomatal regulation, enabling it to maintain leaf hydration and reduce the risk of embolism under high salinity. Conversely, R. racemosa adopted a more conservative strategy, with lower osmotic adjustment and stomatal regulation capacity but a higher hydraulic safety margin. Thus, we demonstrated that these species employ distinct strategies to cope with salinity, reflecting specific adaptations to their ecological distributions and salinity tolerance. These findings contribute to understanding the adaptive responses of mangrove seedlings to varying salinity conditions, with implications for the conservation of these ecosystems under predicted climate change scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".