Clinical Significance of Serum Total Testosterone Concentration in Japanese Elderly Women With Pre-Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Currently, limited information is available regarding testosterone in women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of serum total testosterone concentration (T-T) in Japanese elderly women with pre-HFpEF, a condition that develops before the onset of HF. Methods: A total of 232 elderly women outpatients with pre-HFpEF (mean age ± standard deviation, 75 ± 7 years) were enrolled. Relationships between T-T and other clinical parameters were investigated. The definition of pre-HFpEF in this study was that patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or more and E/e' ratio as a marker of left ventricular function greater than 9 on echocardiography had no HF symptoms and no history of HF hospitalization. Results: There was a significantly negative correlation between T-T and the E/e' ratio (r = -0.24, P < 0.001), and low T-T was significantly related to coronary artery disease. A significant correlation was observed between T-T and biomarkers such as blood brain natriuretic peptide concentration (r = -0.31, P < 0.001), serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentration (r = -0.33, P < 0.001), and the derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites test, an oxidative stress marker (r = -0.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that the factors described above were selected as independent variables for T-T as a dependent variable. Conclusions: This cross-sectional study indicated that low T-T levels reflect unfavorable pathophysiological conditions in Japanese elderly women with pre-HFpEF. To clarify the relevance of T-T as a predictive indicator for the onset of cardiovascular diseases, including HF incidence in elderly women with pre-HFpEF, future prospective studies, including interventional treatments, should be conducted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".