Clinical Significance of Serum Total Testosterone Concentration in Japanese Elderly Women With Pre-Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Currently, limited information is available regarding testosterone in women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of serum total testosterone concentration (T-T) in Japanese elderly women with pre-HFpEF, a condition that develops before the onset of HF. Methods: A total of 232 elderly women outpatients with pre-HFpEF (mean age ± standard deviation, 75 ± 7 years) were enrolled. Relationships between T-T and other clinical parameters were investigated. The definition of pre-HFpEF in this study was that patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or more and E/e' ratio as a marker of left ventricular function greater than 9 on echocardiography had no HF symptoms and no history of HF hospitalization. Results: There was a significantly negative correlation between T-T and the E/e' ratio (r = -0.24, P < 0.001), and low T-T was significantly related to coronary artery disease. A significant correlation was observed between T-T and biomarkers such as blood brain natriuretic peptide concentration (r = -0.31, P < 0.001), serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentration (r = -0.33, P < 0.001), and the derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites test, an oxidative stress marker (r = -0.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that the factors described above were selected as independent variables for T-T as a dependent variable. Conclusions: This cross-sectional study indicated that low T-T levels reflect unfavorable pathophysiological conditions in Japanese elderly women with pre-HFpEF. To clarify the relevance of T-T as a predictive indicator for the onset of cardiovascular diseases, including HF incidence in elderly women with pre-HFpEF, future prospective studies, including interventional treatments, should be conducted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".