The Relationship between Wives’ Share of Income and Subsequent Fertility: Evidence from Taiwan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility across birth parity in Taiwan. Previous studies suggest that wives’ share of income have a negative effect on the likelihood of having a child in Western societies, in terms of the costs associated with childbearing and childcare for women in the labor force. However, in Taiwan, the pervasive ideologies of the familistic welfare model and gendered division of labor signify the meaning of “doing gender” among wives who outearn their husbands, potentially leading to a non-linear relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility. Further, we investigate whether this relationship varies across birth parity, given the powerful link between formal marriage and childbearing, as well as the improved women’s economic role within households in Taiwan. Using data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) and random-intercept logistic models, our results show a U-shaped relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility for couples with one child. In contrast, for childless couples or couples with two or more children, there is no significant association between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility. These findings shed light on the multifaceted effects of wives’ relative economic status, bargaining power and display of gender roles in the decision to have a second child in East Asian societies with the “lowest-low” fertility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".