Retrofit Proposal for a 70-Year-Old Educational Building in a HighSeismicity Zone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article analyses the structural behaviour of an educational pavilion more than 70 years old in a highly seismic area, with damage to beams and columns attributed to the current use of the roof as a warehouse, in addition to having a high probability of collapse according to the FEMA P-154 seismic vulnerability study.Diamond extractions were carried out based on the ASCE 41-06 standard to obtain the compressive strength of the columns and beams.After the tests, linear and nonlinear analysis were performed based on the E.030 and ASCE 41-17 standards, respectively.The structural modelling confirmed non-compliance with the maximum distortion of 7/1000 allowed by the standard for the Y-axis gantry system.Therefore, RC jacketing was proposed as a reinforcement alternative according to the UNAM reinforcement guide and the IS 15988:2013 standard.The encasement of columns along the Y-axis reduced the drift by 58%, while the encasement of beams resulted in a 45% reduction.However, when implemented separately, neither of these encasements met the regulatory limit, prompting the adoption of a combined encasement solution, which achieved an 80% reduction.Whereas the pushover analysis indicated that in the event of frequent and occasional earthquakes, the reinforced structure would be fully operational, which shows the importance of developing a reinforcement plan at the superstructure level addressed in this research, which not only offers a reinforcement solution, but also serves as a reference for similar initiatives in other countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".