Parametric Seismic Response of Base-Isolated Reinforced Concrete Silos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silos are vulnerable structures during severe seismic events due to their slenderness and their interaction with stored material.This investigation presents the results of a special structure that incorporates a basal seismic isolation system, such as the Triple Friction Pendulum System (TFPS).A parametric study was conducted on eight models of reinforced concrete silos to evaluate the effectiveness of TFPS isolators in mitigating the effects of various parameters on their seismic response.This research makes significant contributions by identifying parameters that affect isolated silos, providing valuable insights into their seismic behaviour.The silos were modeled and validated by comparing the forces obtained from a modal spectral analysis with analytical forces from a previous study, achieving acceptable errors for the research objectives.Finally, a nonlinear dynamic time history analysis was performed using seven seismic records, selecting one as critical due to its peak acceleration at the start.The study determined that TFPS isolators efficiently reduced the influence of the analyzed parameters in slender silos, allowing their omission in non-critical seismic events for isolated structures.Compact silos exhibited reduced effectiveness due to uplift related to their compact design and the interaction between the stored material and the structure.This necessitates a thorough evaluation of the analysed parameters.In critical case, the full slender silo exhibited no increase in seismic response due to the stiffness contribution of the stored material.Conversely, empty slender silos showed increases because the force transfer in the final Phase of TFPS isolators became critical without the stiffness contribution of the stored material.Compact silos exhibited a similar seismic response for non-critical earthquakes, but the response was amplified due to significant lateral displacements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".