Pattern of gastrointestinal malignancies in a suburban centre in Southern Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Recent studies in sub-Saharan Africa have suggested an increasing incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies which consequently poses significant public health burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the distribution, clinical presentation, and histopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal malignancies in a tertiary health centre in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with histologic diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy in a tertiary health institution in Southern Nigeria between January 2013 and December 2022. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study. There were 64 males and 40 females with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1 and the peak age group was 41-50 years. The commonest sites affected were the colon and rectum (63.5%), followed by the stomach (22.1%). Adenocarcinoma was the predominant type of gastrointestinal malignancy, comprising 87.5% of the cases with most of them well differentiated. Others included sarcoma (6.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (1.9%), neuroendocrine tumour (1.9%), lymphoma (1%), and plasmacytoma (1%). Conclusion: Colon and rectal cancers were the predominant gastrointestinal malignancies with a male preponderance, and individuals between 41-50 years, who constitute the bulk of the country's workforce, were more affected. It is imperative to develop strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and fatality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".