Ethnicity through Institutions: Invisible Rules and Visible Practices on the Example of Mono-Ethnic Organization of Eskimos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article explores the phenomenon of ethnicity in the constructivist paradigm and its relation to the institutions of ethnic identity preservation. Using the example of the mono-ethnic organization Inuit Circumpolar Council of Chukotka (Russian office of the international Inuit Circumpolar Council), the authors analyze the mechanisms of maintaining and preserving the ethnicity of the Chukotka Eskimos. The empirical basis of the article is the results of the research, including 22 depth interviews with representatives of the Eskimos, including activists of the ICC Chukotka organization, leaders of ethno-cultural collectives, deputies and elders. The conceptual lan-guage of Kanchan Chandra, which views ethnicity through the rules of membership in an ethnic category and the attributes associated with ethnicity (language, traditions, phenotype, etc.), is used as a theoretical frame-work. The results of the study are presented, indicating that Chukotka Eskimos have no strict rules for the transmission of ethnicity through the paternal or maternal line, which is associated with traditional ideas of rein-carnation and free will. A direct correlation was found between the rule of membership in the Chukotka Eskimo ethnic category and the conditions of membership in the Inuit Circumpolar Council of Chukotka, which formally makes all Chukotka Eskimos part of the organization. In practice, however, many are unaware of its existence, and only those who consciously support ethno-cultural practices actively participate. The authors conclude that ethnicity institutions (such as public organizations) play a key role in the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity, influencing the self-identification of individuals and the production of ethnic attributes. The article em-phasizes the need to study ethnicity in conjunction with institutionalized practices that shape its visible manifes-tations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".