Psychological functioning in pregnant women who experienced complex trauma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction The concept of complex trauma, which has been operationalized by the diagnosis of developmental trauma disorder (DTD) in children and adolescents, may contribute to our understanding of the large interindividual variability in maternal health and functioning among pregnant women who experienced childhood maltreatment. The study examines whether three groups of pregnant women (one including women who experienced childhood maltreatment and suffered from DTD, a second including women who experienced childhood maltreatment but did not suffer from DTD, and a third group including women who did not report experiencing childhood maltreatment) differ on mental health and functioning during the prenatal period. Several markers associated with the intergenerational trajectories of childhood maltreatment were examined: severity of PTSD symptoms, quality of prenatal attachment, perception of maternal competence, reflective functioning, disruptions in mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships, intimate partner violence, and mental health disorders. Methods The study includes 373 pregnant women who participated in a comprehensive diagnostic assessment of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders conducted by two blinded and independent clinical psychologists. The women also completed self-report measures of symptoms and functioning. Results Women with DTD (n = 26) had more severe symptoms of PTSD, lower quality of prenatal attachment to the fetus, lower perceptions of maternal competence, less curiosity about mental states, and more severe disruptions in mentalizing trauma and adverse relationships than women who experienced childhood maltreatment but never met the diagnostic criteria for a DTD (n = 99) and women not exposed to childhood maltreatment (n = 248). In contrast, women who experienced childhood maltreatment but did not develop a DTD did not differ from women not exposed to maltreatment on all domains except the level of disruptions in mentalizing trauma and adverse relationships. Women who had a DTD in childhood or adolescence also had an 18.5-fold and 25.4-fold increased risk of having a mental health disorder during pregnancy compared, respectively, to women who had experienced maltreatment without DTD and women who had not experienced maltreatment. Persistent complex trauma, defined as the presence of a diagnosis of Complex PTSD during pregnancy, was present in over a third (34.6%) of women with DTD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".