Dietary enzyme-hydrolyzed marine proteins supplementation promotes appetite, enhances lipid and protein metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei fed reduced fish meal diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An 8-weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary enzyme-hydrolyzed marine protein (EMP) supplementation on appetite, protein and lipid metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei fed reduced fishmeal diets. The control group was supplemented with 30 % fishmeal, in the experimental group, 28 % fish meal was supplemented with 1 % EMP (1 % EMP), and 26 % fish meal with 2 % EMP (2 % EMP). The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance in each group ( P > 0.05). Shrimp in control group exhibited higher total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hemolymph than those in the other groups ( P < 0.05). The results of intestinal histology showed that shrimp fed with 1 % EMP diet exhibited higher fold height and fold width than those fed the other diets ( P < 0.001). Compared with control group, the lipid catabolism genes and regulatory factors ( atgl, hsl, ampkα , ampkγ , acox1 ) was significantly enhanced in 1 % EMP group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the neurotransmitter and appetite related-genes expressions (such as oa-ta , tdc , tbh and ghs-r1 ) in 1 % EMP group of cerebral ganglion were significantly up-regulated than those in other group ( P < 0.05). Dietary 1 % EMP supplementation activated expressions of TORC1 pathway-related genes ( tor , rheb , slc3a2 , 4e-bp ) in the hepatopancreas than those feed the control diet ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results revealed that reducing 2 % fish meal and adding 1 % EMP in the diet could improve the appetite, lipid and protein metabolism, intestinal and hepatopancreas health of juvenile Pacific white shrimp.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".