Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Concerns about climate change-influenced tree growth declines and world tree mortality raise questions about potential reductions in tree longevity. However, the global influences of climate and growth patterns on tree longevity remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 219,000 tree-ring widths from 4880 globe sites, encompassing 246 species, to investigate tree longevity patterns. Gymnosperms exhibited significantly greater average longevity (366 ± 240 years) than angiosperms (216 ± 81 years), with the oldest individual exceeded 3000 years. Globally, gymnosperm longevity was negatively correlated with precipitation. Arid-adapted trees exhibited significantly higher longevity, likely due to their conservative growth strategy, characterized by slow growth rates and enhanced drought resilience. Trees in harsh environments defined by high altitude, nutrient-poor soils, and minimal human impact were more likely to attain greater longevity. These findings highlight the impact of climate change on tree longevity and the necessity for targeted conservation strategies to protect these vital ecosystem components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".