Getting a Leg Up in the World: Observations of Food Provisioning Maternal Care in the Common Candy-Striped Spider, Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parental care can be seen across a wide variety of taxa, including arachnids, where varying degrees of maternal investment into offspring care can be seen. While some forms of maternal care, like egg-sac guarding, carrying young, and defending against predators, are common in spiders, more intensive behavior, like the direct provisioning of energetic resources to offspring, is less commonly observed. Provisioning behavior has been recorded in ∼0.001% of spider species to date, half of which are in the Family Theridiidae. Here, we present a set of observations for another theridiid spider, Enoplognatha ovata (Candy-striped Spider), engaged in provisioning behavior. Our captive observations of maternal behavior recorded 3 instances of prey items being captured and presented to young spiderlings by the mother, who, herself, did not appear to partake in feeding. We discuss potential drivers of this behavior and how it may play a role within the invasion success of this species in North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".