Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Parents Regarding Children's Eye Care: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract—Introduction: Eye care in children is of critical importance, as numerous pathologies can arise during childhood with the risk of serious consequences, including blindness. Parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this regard are therefore crucial, as they significantly influence their children's eye health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents regarding children's eye care in the Jazan region of southwestern Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire comprising 29 questions, divided into four sections: sociodemographic data, parents' practices regarding their children's eye care, parents' knowledge of eye problems, and parents' attitudes towards their children's eye examinations. Results: The study included 782 participants, most of whom were aged between 36 and 45 years (41.8%). The majority were Saudi nationals (95.9%) and married (94.2%). Regarding children's eye care, 61.1% of parents reported taking their child for an eye examination primarily in response to an eye illness. Awareness of specific eye conditions varied, with 57% aware of refractive errors, 71% of amblyopia, and 85% of cataracts. Logistic regression analysis identified participants’ area of residence and educational level as significant predictors of good knowledge and positive attitudes towards child eye care, while factors such as age and nationality had variable effects. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of parents in Jazan are well-informed about children's eye care and recognise the importance of early eye examinations. However, there remains a need for targeted educational campaigns addressing the importance of regular eye checks, concerns regarding the psychological and educational impact of eyeglasses, and increased awareness of the preventability and treatability of childhood eye conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".