Terminalia catappa Fallen Leaves Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO₂ NPs) are eco-friendly and biocompatible materials used for various biological applications. Herein, we reported Terminalia catappa (T. catappa) fallen leaves extract encapsulated ZrO₂ NPs without using a chemical reducing agent. The bandgap, absorption, functional groups, and crystalline structure were identified using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and an X-ray diffractometer. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirmed the formation of spherical particles with an average size of 6 nm. The absorption in the range of 299-307 nm confirmed the formation of ZrO₂ NPs. The stretching vibration bands at 467 and 621 cm⁻¹ confirmed the presence of the Zr-O-Zr bond in ZrO₂ NPs. According to the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the average crystallite size of the ZrO₂ NPs was 4 nm with a cubic structure. The nanoparticles Zr0.01, Zr0.02, and Zr0.03 exhibited 26, 28, and 32 mm zones of inhibition against Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus albus, and Streptococcus mutans at a maximum concentration of 25µg/ml. The ZrO₂ exhibited an IC₅₀ value of ZrO₂ to be 32.63 μg/mL against A549 cell lines. Therefore, biogenic T. catappa extract-encapsulated zirconia nanoparticles can be used for the development of potential antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it