Bending performance of cross-laminated timber reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer and aluminium sheets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is limited research on enhancing the flexural performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from fast-growing hardwood species like poplar, particularly using external reinforcements. This study aims to investigate the effect of aluminium (AL) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets on the bending behaviour of 3-ply poplar CLT panels in both longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) directions. Four reinforcement configurations were tested. The results showed that AL reinforcement increased MOR by 53.9% (L) and 208% (T), and MOE by 56.9% (L) and 617% (T) of CLT samples. GFRP led to MOR gains of 37.4% (L) and 61.8% (T), and MOE gains of 38.3% (L) and 223% (T) in CLT samples. The most effective flexural performance in CLT samples was achieved with three layers of reinforcement, particularly with AL. Ductility of CLT samples also improved significantly: AL increased it by 76.6% (L) and 28% (T), while GFRP improved it by 47% (L) and 55% (T). These findings suggest that external reinforcement – especially with AL – can effectively enhance bending performance and ductility of poplar CLT, providing a viable strategy to improve its structural performance for broader application in engineered timber construction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".