Therapeutic efficacy of Xinruikang on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in mild-to-moderate hypertension: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypertension, which affects more than 1.4 billion individuals globally, is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are critical contributors to hypertension-related complications, yet effective adjunct therapies remain underexplored. Xinruikang, a patented kefir peptide product derived from fermented goat milk, has demonstrated antihypertensive and vascular protective properties in preclinical studies, although clinical evidence supporting its efficacy and safety in human populations is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate whether Xinruikang, as an adjunct to standard antihypertensive therapy, could improve blood pressure (BP) control and arterial elasticity in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. A 12-week, single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among 122 hypertensive patients (aged 40–75 yr) recruited from Shandong Province, China. Participants were randomized to receive either Xinruikang (2 g twice daily) or goat milk powder alongside their existing antihypertensive regimens. Primary outcomes included changes in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), while secondary outcomes encompassed lipid profiles, liver/kidney function, and adverse events. Assessments were performed at baseline and wk 4, 8, and 12 using standardized protocols for BP measurement and arterial stiffness evaluation. Both groups exhibited significant reductions in SBP and DBP, yet Xinruikang demonstrated superior efficacy, achieving a mean SBP reduction of −22.91 mmHg compared with −12.36 mmHg in controls, and a DBP reduction of −12.91 mmHg versus −9.36 mmHg. Notably, Xinruikang significantly improved bilateral arterial stiffness, reducing left and right PWV by −140.55 cm/s and −178.33 cm/s, respectively. Safety profiles were comparable between groups, with no statistically significant differences in adverse events or biochemical markers. This study provides the first clinical evidence supporting Xinruikang's role as a safe and effective adjunct therapy for hypertension. However, limitations, such as the single-center design, short follow-up duration, and lack of mechanistic biomarkers, warrant further validation through larger multicenter trials with extended observation periods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".