Reactivity assessment of calcined illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite in R3 mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite using the more recently standardized rapid, relevant, and reliable (R 3 ) test methods as specified in ASTM C1897. The reactions involving calcite and the calcined clay minerals were examined by comparing the cumulative heat release in the R 3 mixtures with and without calcite, and by analyzing the hydrated R 3 mixtures using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the R 3 reactivity of calcined clay minerals exhibits a positive linear relationship with the number of hydroxyl groups present in their original mineral structures. Strong correlations were observed among cumulative heat release, bound water content, and dehydroxylation mass loss of clay minerals. This suggests that the dehydroxylation mass loss can be used as an indicator for the initial screening of potential clay sources for use as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, the optimal calcination temperatures for illite and montmorillonite do not fall within their dehydroxylation temperature ranges. While calcite has a limited impact on the cumulative heat release, it facilitates the formation of monocarbonate (C 4 A C ¯ H 11 ) and enhances its uniform distribution in the calcined kaolinite R 3 mixture. In comparison, the reactions involving calcite with calcined illite and montmorillonite in their R 3 mixtures are limited.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".