EFFECTIVENESS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT PATIENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, characterized by subtle cognitive decline. Given the growing aging population and lack of curative pharmacological therapies, aerobic exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate cognitive deterioration in this population. Objective: To assess the impact of structured aerobic exercise on cognitive performance, mood, and physical endurance in individuals diagnosed with MCI. Methods: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted over eight months in Lahore, Pakistan. Ninety participants aged 60–80 years with clinically diagnosed MCI were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (structured aerobic exercise, 3 sessions/week) or a control group (health education only). Primary outcomes were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB). Secondary outcomes included the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests. Results: At the study endpoint, the intervention group showed a significant increase in MoCA scores (mean change: +4.8) and NAB scores (+10.1), compared to minimal changes in the control group. A notable reduction in depressive symptoms (GDS: −2.7) and improved cardiovascular endurance (6MWT: +83.8 meters) were also observed in the intervention group. Statistical analysis revealed a significant time-by-group interaction for all primary and secondary outcomes (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Structured aerobic exercise significantly enhances cognitive function, mood, and physical capacity in individuals with MCI. This non-invasive intervention should be considered as part of standard care in early cognitive decline management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".