Development of Hydrogen Sulfide-Donating Silybin Derivatives with a Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus-Alleviating Effect through Improving Intestinal L-Cell Functions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that maintains glucose homeostasis. Given the reduced plasma H 2 S levels observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the stimulatory effect of H 2 S donors on GLP-1 secretion small-molecule gasotransmitter drugs based on H 2 S donors have emerged as an alternative strategy for treating T2DM via increasing GLP-1 levels. In this context, H 2 S donating silybin derivative bin-4 was discovered. By the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, bin-4 facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation to inhibit oxidative damage and apoptosis in GLUTag cells. Additionally, activation of estrogen receptor α enabled bin-4 to enhance GLP-1 secretion by 30%. In vivo, bin-4 effectively decreased blood glucose levels by 63.1%, enhanced insulin secretion by 90.2%, and boosted GLP-1 production by 91.2%. It also exhibited acceptable toxicity profiles in T2DM mice, with potential metabolites identified and proposed. Overall, bin-4 demonstrated a potent T2DM-alleviating effect, providing the theoretical foundation for the design of candidate gasotransmitter-based drugs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".