Evaluation of Nerve Conduction and Cognitive Function in Hypothyroidism and their Correlation with Serum Neurofilament Light Chain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder defined by insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. It can affect the peripheral nervous system, evaluated using electrodiagnostic studies and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neuronal injury. Cognitive function, including memory and attention, may also be impaired and assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. Objectives: To assess peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in hypothyroid patients and to evaluate their association with serum NfL levels. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad from August 1, 2024, to April 1, 2025, involving 40 hypothyroid patients and 40 controls. All participants underwent sensory and motor nerve conduction studies and MoCA assessment. Serum NfL levels were measured in 20 patients and 20 controls using the ELISA technique. Results: Hypothyroid patients showed significantly higher serum NfL levels (26.49±8.18pg/mL) compared to controls (9.6±1.64pg/mL; p<0.001). Nerve conduction studies revealed slower conduction velocities and prolonged latencies, particularly in the median and sural nerves (p<0.001). Cognitive dysfunction (MoCA < 26) was found in 47.5% of hypothyroid patients and was associated with higher NfL levels (30.23±7.49pg/mL vs. 20.87± 5.77pg/mL; p=0.008). Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is associated with peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment, both linked to elevated serum NfL levels. NfL may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for neurological complications in hypothyroid patients
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".